



Education World ๐
Complete Guide to HTML Programming Language
1. Introduction to HTML
- What is HTML?
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages. It defines the structure and content of a webpage using tags and attributes. - Basic Structure of an HTML Document:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Page Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>Hello World!</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html>
2. Key HTML Elements & Tags
Common Tags
Tag Description Example <h1>โ<h6>
Headings (h1 is largest) <h1>Heading</h1>
<p>
Paragraph <p>Text</p>
<a>
Hyperlink <a href="url">Link</a>
<img>
Image <img src="image.jpg" alt="Description">
<ul>
, <ol>
, <li>
Unordered/Ordered Lists & List Items <ul><li>Item</li></ul>
Attributes
class
: Assigns a class name (for CSS/JavaScript).id
: Unique identifier for an element.href
: Specifies a URL for links.src
: Source for images, scripts, etc.
3. Semantic HTML
Use semantic tags to improve accessibility and SEO:
<header>
,<footer>
,<nav>
,<article>
,<section>
,<aside>
,<main>
.- Example:
<header> <h1>Website Title</h1> <nav> <a href="#home">Home</a> <a href="#about">About</a> </nav> </header>
4. Forms and Inputs
- Form Structure:
<form action="/submit" method="post"> <label for="name">Name:</label> <input type="text" id="name" name="name"> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> </form>
- Input Types:
text
,email
,password
,checkbox
,radio
,file
,date
.
5. HTML5 Features
- New Elements:
<video>
,<audio>
,<canvas>
,<svg>
. - APIs: Geolocation, Local Storage, Web Workers.
- Multimedia Example:
<video controls> <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video>
6. HTML Projects
Project 1: Personal Portfolio
- Objective: Create a portfolio with sections for About, Projects, and Contact.
- Features:
- Navigation bar using
<nav>
. - Embed a resume using
<embed>
. - Contact form with
<input>
fields.
Project 2: Blog Page
- Objective: Build a blog with articles and comments.
- Features:
- Use
<article>
for blog posts. - Add a comment section with
<textarea>
. - Include social media links.
7. Notes & Best Practices
- Nesting: Always close tags in the reverse order they were opened.
- โ
<p><strong>Text</strong></p>
- โ
<p><strong>Text</p></strong>
- Accessibility: Use
alt
attributes for images and ARIA labels. - Quotes: Prefer double quotes for attributes:
<div class="container">
.
8. Questions & Quiz
Basic Questions
- What is the purpose of the
<!DOCTYPE html>
declaration?
Answer: It defines the document type and HTML version (HTML5 here). - How do you create a hyperlink to “https://example.com”?
Answer:<a href="https://example.com">Visit Example</a>
.
Quiz (Multiple Choice)
- Which tag is used for the largest heading?
a)<h6>
b)<h1>
c)<head>
Answer: b)<h1>
. - What does the
alt
attribute in<img>
do?
a) Adds a tooltip
b) Provides alternative text for accessibility
Answer: b.
9. Advanced Topics
- SEO Optimization: Use
<meta>
tags for descriptions and keywords.
<meta name="description" content="A guide to HTML">
- Responsive Design: Use the viewport meta tag:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
10. Conclusion
HTML is the backbone of web development. Mastery involves understanding tags, semantic structure, forms, and modern HTML5 features. Practice with projects and quizzes to reinforce learning.
Next Steps: Learn CSS for styling and JavaScript for interactivity!
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